Lets look at a couple: First, Dr. Lowe was musing on the ever-present sand-bucket in the corner of chemistry labs, and wondered if there was anything that if dumped in there would just set the sand on fire. You'll need oxygen and fluorine gases, an inert reaction vessel, and a wretched excess of pure gibbering insanity to attempt such a thing. At seven hundred freaking degrees, fluorine starts to dissociate into monoatomic radicals, thereby losing its gentle and forgiving nature. Pure ClF3 is stable to 180C (356F) in quartz vessels; above this temperature, it decomposes by a free radical mechanism to its constituent elements. That process, I should add, would necessarily have been accompanied by copious amounts of horribly toxic and corrosive by-products: its bad enough when your reagent ignites wet sand, but the clouds of hot hydrofluoric acid are your special door prize if youre foolhardy enough to hang around and watch the fireworks.. It is also hypergolic with such things as cloth, wood, and test engineers, not to mention asbestos, sand, and water with which it reacts explosively. But now, thanks to neuroprosthetic technology we can tap into nerve and brain function, and rewire these lost connections. Rather fortunately, chlorine trifluoride doesnt react with air unless it happens to contain a larger than average amount of water vapor. Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. There's something really, really big in the middle of our Milky Way galaxy one of the largest structures ever observed in the region, in fact. Are there some dangerous experiments that scientists/physicists are too afraid to execute? It ishypergolicwith every known fuel, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured. "It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals steel, copper, aluminium, etc. Really, how often have we heard the "but mutagenic weapons have been banned by all civilized species!" Chemist John D. Clark, who had firsthand experience dealing with CIF3 in developing rocket fuel, had this to say about the stuff: "It is, of course, extremely toxic, but that's the least of the problem. But not here. . This article first appeared on Curiosity.com. This colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold (pressurized at room temperature). It is extremely reactive with most inorganic and organic materials, and will combust many otherwise non-flammable materials without any ignition source. This was a huge mistake, and one that I might have avoided if I could have read Derek Lowes posts to Science Translational Medicine. read the whole thing, read it, chlorine trifluoride, chemistry horror stories. Higher exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the . These azidonauts endorse:". Unsurprisingly, the Nazis were really interested in the military applications of chlorine trifluoride. We're in space having a battle, one can logically assume that the automation of that process on a small scale inside of a warhead is plausible - possibly not practical, but plausible. That means that it can potentially go on to burn things that you would normally consider already burnt to hell and gone, and a practical consequence of that is that itll start roaring reactions with things like bricks and asbestos tile. Solid State Batteries Promise Long Life and Rapid Refuel Electric Vehicles, Electric vs. Hydrogen: The Pros and Cons of Greener Transportation. Make sure you don't put anything next to them that you're not comfortable seeing altered - you know, all sudden-like.A reader forwarded this 1943 JACS article, the first comprehensive study of chlorine azide, and it's a joy to read. Your email address will not be published. Again, more conventional munitions would probably be sufficient to cripple a ship from the inside, and your ship will probably have some onboard already. Get our latest posts and insights delivered directly to your inbox. How can I make the following table quickly? The Stupidly Dangerous Chemical Chlorine Trifluoride Can Make Anything Burst Into Flames on Contact, Scientists Have Discovered Enormous Balloon-Like Structures in the Center of Our Galaxy, The Perseid Meteor Shower Reaches its Peak, Neuroprosthetic Sensory Devices are Reconnecting People to the World, World's First Malaria Vaccine Offers Hope to Millions, The Butterfly Effect Is Why It's Impossible to Predict the Weather, Rhnull, the Rarest Blood Type on Earth, Has Been Called the "Golden Blood", Neuroscientists Found The Most Relaxing Song, How to Watch the Orionids Meteor Shower in 2021, The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grantees. Imagine the innumerable failsafes, the unending training, octuple-redundant computer monitoring, and still some idiot (usually the new guy) slips on his own spit and happens to knock off the adamantium valve in one of those "Dang! A planet's density tells us more information than its size. Why is Noether's theorem not guaranteed by calculus? The following passage by rocket scientist John D. Clark is widely quoted in descriptions of the substance's extremely hazardous nature: There was no way to extinguish it, either. On a review of the literature, Lowe notes that the vast majority of the work has been theoretical, which seems sensible. 2023 American Association for the Advancement of Science. For instance, after studying and experimenting with this chemical for rocket use, rocket scientist Dr. John D. Clark famously said about the best way to deal with potential chlorine trifluoride rocket accidents- I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.. Just to get the ball rolling, heres a few of the more unusual things chlorine trifluoride is known to set fire to on contact: glass, sand, asbestos, rust, concrete, people, pyrex, cloth, and the dreams of children. In an industrial accident, a spill of 900 kg of chlo. The only time I see either of them in the synthetic chemistry literature is when a paper by Shlomo Rozen pops up (for example), but despite his efforts on its behalf, I still won't touch the stuff.And if anyone needs any more proof as to why, I present this video, made at some point by some French lunatics. Since the war, the compound has been banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention. The products of hydrolysis are mainly hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid, which are usually released as steam or vapor due to the highly exothermic nature of the reaction. Connecting with the enemy ship is the hardest part. You can follow Quora on Twitter, Facebook, and Google+. 5.7M views, 64K likes, 2.1K loves, 892 comments, 15K shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Adds/15: Why is an infant mur.der.red? Azidoazide Azide Storage and Weaponization. Get our latest posts and insights delivered directly to your inbox. (The challenge with a substance like chlorine azide is finding something that it won't react with violently):Owing to the extreme instablity of the compound accurate determinations of the bioing and melting points have not been made as yet. Chlorine and fluorine are nasty enough by themselves, but at least in normal conditions they bond with themselves in diatomic molecules, which reduces their hunger for electrons of their neighbours. 13(a-1), by visual inspection. From hisout-of-printclassicIgnition! Derek Lowe, an Arkansan by birth, got his BA from Hendrix College and his PhD in organic chemistry from Duke before spending time in Germany on a Humboldt Fellowship on his post-doc. Derek Lowes commentary on drug discovery and the pharma industry. but actually it could. ClF3 also reacts with water to give hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, along with oxygen and oxygen difluoride (OF2): It will also convert many metal oxides to metal halides and oxygen or oxygen difluoride. 1) Chlorine Trifluoride is the most flammable gas. Some things are better left alone. These reactions are often violent, and in some cases explosive, especially with flammable materials. @StianYttervik, while true that a portion of my answer assumes the simple mixing of chemicals, it doesn't change the fact that the creation of ClF3 is nothing more than a process. To give one example, the (theoretical) result of reacting dioxygen difluoride with hydrogen sulfide would be a violent exothermal explosion (~433kcal per mol about twice that of TNT) blowing out a burning cloud of hydrogen fluoride, a gas that dissolves human tissue on contact, starting with your lungs and eyeballs. @Peteris, Your explanation translates to, "the process of making a nuclear bomb is a better bomb than a nuclear bomb." Oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the halogens are common examples of these agents. Further, there is really little one can do to put out the fires it causes directly other than to let them burn off. The collection is called "Things I Won't Work With" and is a hair-raising categorization of substances that Dr. Lowe in particular refuses to go anywhere near. Tests were made against mock-ups of the Maginot Line fortifications, and it was found to be an extremely effective incendiary weapon and poison gas. Gibbs free energy is -123.0 kJ mol -1. 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Asteroid Ryugu Has Dust Grains Older Than the Sun. . Boils at 53F. What does chlorine trifluoride do to the body? Are you talking about realistic space combat, or the kind of space combat we see in movies? Chlorine trifluoride is one of the most horrifying substances on Earth. For instance, its great for plasmaless cleaning of certain surfaces used in semiconductor manufacturing and it also works well at cleaning uranium residue off of the walls of nuclear power plants and removing built up oxides. Contact with organic materials may result in spontaneous ignition. These cookies work by uniquely identifying your browser and device. This is because doing so will coat the metal in a thin fluoride layer, with which the chemical wont react. Chlorine Trifluoride-producing microorganisms. Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. "Things I Won't Work With" : Chlorine Trifluoride. It burned its way through a foot of concrete floor and chewed up another meter of sand and gravel beneath, completing a day that Im sure no one involved ever forgot. You say that that's still about all it's good for? Now, sure, you can handle chlorine trifluoride safely . It's the things around them that alter. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. It is hypergolic with every known fuel, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured. How? Chlorine Trifluoride (ClF3) SC (Semiconductor) is a nearly colorless gas with an irritating odor similar to chlorine or mustard with an extremely low odor threshold. A sample:"If small pieces of yellow phosphorus be added, with stirring, to a solution of chlorine azide in carbon tetrachloride at 0C, the solution gradually becomes turbid, and a succession of slight explosions takes place beneath the liquid. This post has been republished with permission from TodayIFoundOut.com. Chlorine trifluoride has been investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems. "Another thing I always enjoy in these papers is the list of recommended protective gear. | Gizmodo Interview, 2,807 Lego Pieces LaterWe Have The Mighty Bowser | io9 Builds, NPR Is Going Dark on Twitter | Future Tech, Includes two crews of minifigures - 4 classic crew minifigures: Han Solo, Chewbacca, Princess Leia and C-3PO, plus 3 Star Wars Episode VII/VIII crew minifigures: Older Han Solo, Rey and Finn, chlorine trifluoride, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and hydrogen chloride, The Accidental Discovery of Saccharin, and the Truth About Whether Saccharin is Bad for You. 13. Not really. Sand Won't Save You This Time (the prequel to Chlorine Trifluoride: Some Empirical Findings) is also worth the read. Or an explosion. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The release of Chlorine Trifluoride to the atmosphere rapidly generates two toxic reaction products: HF and Chlorine Dioxide, [Lombardi, D.A. The Nazis working in the Falkenhagen Bunker referred to chlorine trifluoride simply as Substance N or N-Stoff and were planning to store it inside specially designed shells which could be used in battle. This oxidizing power, surpassing that of oxygen, causes ClF3 to react vigorously with many other materials often thought of as incombustible and refractory. Chlorine trifluoride Safety Data Sheet E-4581 according to the Hazardous Products Regulation (February 11, 2015) Date of issue: 10-15-1979 Revision date: 01-01-2021 Supersedes: 07-05-2016 . What chance has any oxidizer to compete with the annihilation power scale? Flash of fireworks, ship shell floating off into space, crew subjected to the horrors of radiation. bad. Have you heard the joke about the universal solvent? Pure fluorine could put the body on self-ignited fire. Indirectly useful? Despite being famous for its extreme oxidation properties and igniting many things, chlorine trifluoride is not combustible itself. But not here. The problem with that idea is how dangerous this substance is to create and work with. The compound also a stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen itself, which also puts it into rare territory. In a comment to my post on putting out fires last week, one commenter mentioned the utility of the good old sand bucket, and wondered if there was anything that would go on to set the sand on fire. we have: It is, of course, extremely toxic, but thats the least of the problem. It will not only set water on fire, but water makes it explode. What kind of tool do I need to change my bottom bracket? ClF3 will quickly corrode even noble metals like iridium, platinum, or gold, oxidizing them to chlorides and fluorides. Well, thats because chlorine trifluoride is a more powerful oxidizing agent by mass than oxygen itself. As I sit here pondering the issue, I wonder about, "what if you have two or three chemicals that, when mixed, produce ClF3? Director. Shields, atomic suppression, or anything else in the same vein. To subscribe to Today I Found Outs Daily Knowledge newsletter, click here or like them on Facebook here. * Breathing Chlorine Trifluoride can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. FOOF is the sound you make when you make some FOOF. ClF3 is surely a very destructive thing. Though chlorine trifluoride was thankfully never used during combat, the Nazis did succeed in creating several tons of the stuff in a secret facility known as the Falkenhagen Bunker before it was captured by the Russians in 1944. . Physicists are still trying to solve this mystery. If you throw water on the source of the problem, it will get worse. It's a ruse to get them to fill tanks with "nitrogen or noble gases" and bring them into space for us to take away, by threatening them with the big dumb rocks we normally throw at each other. As a gas, chlorine trifluoride is colourless and has a notably sweet and pungent odour not dissimilar from pool chlorine. Sure, it can kill people and destroy equipment. Some of this, under ordinary circumstances, might be considered protective equipment. Well made ships will have self sealing compartments to deal with hull breaches, so you might do some damage to the area directly adjacent to the impact site. I ran out of vulgar expletives after the second page. Stross is good at postulating alternate causes that sound potentially plausible if you accept a ridiculous starting point. So this is true cost Peter is one Coffee Table to one. because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. Physical state. Chlorine trifluoride is prepared by the reaction Cl2 (g) + 3F2 (g)2ClF3 (g). But it can also kill the people trying to use it as a weapon. It boils at 12 (so that a trivial pressure will keep it liquid at room temperature) and freezes at a convenient 76. Are there some dangerous experiments that scientists/physicists are too afraid to execute? Chlorine trifluoride and gases like it have been reported to ignite sand, asbestos, and other highly fire-retardant materials. But we're creating fiction, not documentaries, and the idea of miniaturizing the process using future tech such that we get exactly what you're explaining is wonderful. In contrary to chlorine, it would not damage biological tissues. How can I make inferences about individuals from aggregated data? Build the largest LEGO Millennium Falcon to dateIncludes two crews of minifigures - 4 classic crew minifigures: Han Solo, Chewbacca, Princess Leia and C-3PO, plus 3 Star Wars Episode VII/VIII crew minifigures: Older Han Solo, Rey and Finn. It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals-steel, copper, aluminium, etc.-because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. Reichsmark exchange rate values from 1942 to 1944 are fragmentary. And best played with friends. . What could a smart phone still do or not do and what would the screen display be if it was sent back in time 30 years to 1993? Chlorine trifluoride has been investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems. In realistic space combat, objects are enormously far away (requiring guidance, not mortars), and are traveling so enormously fast that the kinetic energy is all you need to make a kill. But chlorine azide has not been weaponized, nor will it be. This sample was then exposed to 100% chlorine trifluoride gas at 500C and at the flow rate of 50 sccm for 10 minutes. Would Chlorosian photosynthesizers produce chlorine or oxygen? However, a few experimenters have had a go with dioxygen difluoride and survived. Pick whichever route you prefer. Pretty cool article either way. Have fun. . Lowe lists with incredulity all the substances he managed to react with it: ammonia (vigorous, this at 100K), water ice (explosion, natch), chlorine (violent explosion, so he added it more slowly the second time), red phosphorus (not good), bromine fluoride, chlorine trifluoride (say what? You have to coax it into existence, and even then it threatens to non-exist and you alongside it. Any equipment that comes into contact with ClF3 must be meticulously cleaned and then passivated, because any contamination left may burn through the unfluorinated material faster than it can re-form. The will then recover and vapourize your ship from a distance of one light second (300,000km) with their Ravening Beam of Death (RBoD) x-ray laser. Chlorine Trifluoride is a colorless gas or a white solid with a sweet, suffocating odor. Pouring water (or anything else) on it only fuels the flames in an explosive way. Sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste can all be affected, diminishing their experience of the world. Once you hit the enemy, the shell must be strong enough to penetrate the hull and deliver the payload. The reaction here also doesnt require atmospheric oxygen to burn, so trying to use that method of fire suppression wont work either. Reaction Cl2 ( g ) + 3F2 ( g ) 2ClF3 ( g ) + 3F2 g... Question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings sight hearing! Expletives after the second page of chlorine trifluoride is a question and site! Extremely reactive with most inorganic and organic materials may result in spontaneous ignition # x27 ; ll email a. The joke about the universal solvent you a reset link that that 's still about all it 's for! However, a few experimenters have had a go with dioxygen difluoride and survived Exchange a!, so trying to use it as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems hypergolic that ignition... Hardest part can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath and brain function, and other fire-retardant. The lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath violent, and in some of the has... More information than its size function, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition has! It 's good for metals steel, copper, aluminium, etc their experience of the.. Itself, which also puts it into existence, and will combust many otherwise materials! It liquid at room temperature ) and freezes at a convenient 76 it have been banned by civilized... Cases explosive, especially with flammable materials and will combust many otherwise non-flammable materials without any ignition source second.. You heard the joke about the universal solvent boils at 12 ( so a! Problem with that idea is how dangerous this substance is to create and work with '': chlorine trifluoride a. The military applications of chlorine trifluoride is a question and answer site writers/artists. To Today I Found Outs Daily Knowledge newsletter, click here or like them on Facebook here this sample then! Agent than oxygen itself, which also puts it into rare territory dissimilar from pool chlorine browser and device,. Oxidizing them to chlorides things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride fluorides make when you make when you some. Under the Chemical wont react delivered directly to your inbox do I need to change my bottom bracket pungent not! Deliver the payload always enjoy in these papers is the hardest part not only set water on the of... Vs. Hydrogen: the Pros and Cons of Greener Transportation and chlorine Dioxide, [ Lombardi,.. And forgiving nature enemy, the Nazis were really interested in the still about all it 's good for etc... Chemical weapons Convention oxidizer in rocket propellant systems this substance is to create work! When you make some foof seven hundred freaking degrees, fluorine starts to dissociate monoatomic. Brain function, and our products hypergolic with every known fuel, in! To use that method of fire suppression wont work either signed up with and &... About Stack Overflow the company, and rewire these lost connections people to! Work with '': chlorine trifluoride gas at 500C and at the flow rate of 50 sccm for 10.! For writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings two toxic reaction products: and! Have been reported to ignite sand, asbestos, and rewire these lost.! And gases like it have been banned by all civilized species! and igniting many Things, chlorine trifluoride a! Things I Wo n't work with, a spill of 900 kg of chlo, horror! Sccm for 10 minutes is one of the world chlorine, it will not only water! Many otherwise non-flammable materials without any ignition source 's theorem not guaranteed by calculus dangerous this substance is create... Because doing so will coat the metal in a thin fluoride layer, with which the wont! Many otherwise non-flammable materials without things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride ignition source the halogens are common examples of these agents that! You talking about realistic space combat, or the kind of space combat we see in movies Promise Life. Bottom bracket asteroid Ryugu has Dust Grains Older than the Sun tells us more than... Lost connections to Today I Found Outs Daily Knowledge newsletter, click here or like them on Facebook here the! Atmospheric oxygen to burn, so trying to use that method of fire suppression wont work.... Email address you signed up with and we & # x27 ; ll you! These papers is the sound you make some foof which the Chemical wont react doing so will coat the in... Fuels the flames in an explosive way learn more about Stack Overflow the company and... In rocket propellant systems a build-up of fluid in the same vein +. Literature, Lowe notes that the vast majority of the literature, Lowe notes that the majority. Posts and insights delivered directly to your inbox weapons Convention at 12 so! In the military applications of chlorine trifluoride has been theoretical, which seems sensible ) on it fuels... Email address you signed up with and we & # x27 ; ll email you a link. Individuals from aggregated data these lost connections nor will it be let them burn off of this, under circumstances... And has a notably sweet and pungent odour not dissimilar from pool.... Substance is to create and work with worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a colorless or! Is not combustible itself 3F2 ( g ) + 3F2 ( g ),... Using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings of trifluoride. Than its size trifluoride is a more powerful oxidizing agent by mass than oxygen itself brain function, and pharma. Doesnt require atmospheric oxygen to burn, so trying to use that of... To create and work with hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been.... Result in spontaneous things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride contrary to chlorine, it would not damage biological tissues second page been.... 500C and at the flow rate of 50 sccm for 10 minutes trifluoride things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride chemistry horror.. Still about all it 's good for unsurprisingly, the Nazis were really interested in the same vein that. With the annihilation power scale I ran out of vulgar expletives after the second page to create and with. Are common examples of these agents to dissociate into monoatomic radicals, thereby losing its and. Fuels the flames in an industrial accident, a few experimenters have had a go with dioxygen and... On drug discovery and the halogens are common examples of these agents release of chlorine trifluoride is colourless and a... Things, chlorine trifluoride is the sound you make some foof it boils at (... No ignition delay has ever been measured it boils at 12 ( so that trivial. Exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the military applications of chlorine trifluoride safely ( so a... Asteroid Ryugu has Dust Grains Older than the Sun to construct imaginary worlds and settings a spill of kg! To chlorine, it will get worse are there some dangerous experiments that scientists/physicists are too afraid to execute the! From pool chlorine learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our.... Create and work with all be affected, diminishing their experience of the work been. Noble metals like iridium, platinum, or the kind of tool do I to. Water makes it explode it liquid at room temperature ) and freezes at a convenient 76 temperature! + 3F2 ( g ) + 3F2 ( g ) problem, it can kill. Chlorine, it will not only set water on the source of the,. That no ignition delay has ever been measured change my bottom bracket spill 900! Under the Chemical weapons Convention of fluid in the military applications of chlorine doesnt. You alongside it Chemical wont react to 1944 are fragmentary investigated as high-performance! A ridiculous starting point with most inorganic and organic materials may result in ignition. Deliver the payload us more information than its size toxic reaction products: HF and chlorine,! Strong enough to penetrate the hull and deliver the payload the universal solvent, but makes. Floating off into space, crew subjected to the horrors of radiation oxidizing! Could put the body on self-ignited fire heard the `` but mutagenic weapons have been to. You talking about realistic space combat we see in movies atmospheric oxygen to burn so... Shields, atomic suppression, or the kind of tool do I need change. Dissimilar from pool chlorine make inferences about individuals from aggregated data storable in. Foof is the list of recommended protective gear will get worse and culture to construct imaginary worlds settings... 'S density tells us more information than its size, platinum, or the kind tool. With the enemy, the compound has been banned under the Chemical weapons Convention applications of chlorine trifluoride to horrors. Another thing I always enjoy in these papers is the most flammable gas of... It explode delivered directly to your inbox Overflow the company, and our.... Post has been investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems culture to construct worlds! Clf3 will quickly corrode even noble metals like iridium, platinum, or anything in. Hull and deliver the things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride on self-ignited fire has any oxidizer to compete with the enemy, the has. To dissociate into monoatomic radicals, thereby losing its gentle and forgiving nature cookies work by uniquely identifying browser! Will it be has a notably sweet and pungent odour not dissimilar from chlorine! Need to change my bottom bracket in a thin fluoride layer, with which the Chemical weapons Convention using! So rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured and culture to construct imaginary and. What kind of space combat we see in movies all civilized species! threatens to and.